ARDMS (American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography) Practice Test

Which condition is suggested when multiple cystic structures are visualized in the ovaries?

1. Endometriosis

2. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

3. Ovarian cancer

4. Pelvic inflammatory disease

The correct answer is: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

The presence of multiple cystic structures in the ovaries is most indicative of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a common endocrine disorder characterized by hormonal imbalances that can lead to the development of numerous small cysts within the ovaries. These cysts are typically immature follicles that fail to mature properly during the menstrual cycle. In women with PCOS, the ovaries can appear enlarged and studded with multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) as a result of irregular ovulation and hormone levels. This condition can also lead to a variety of symptoms including irregular menstrual cycles, weight gain, and signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne or excessive hair growth. Other conditions may result in cystic structures within the ovaries, but they typically present with different characteristics or associated symptoms. For example, endometriosis usually presents with endometrial tissue outside the uterus and may not necessarily show multiple cysts. Ovarian cancer can lead to complex masses but is more ominous and would not typically present simply as multiple small cysts. Pelvic inflammatory disease may affect the pelvic organs but is primarily associated with infection rather than cystic changes in the ovaries. Overall, the specific presentation of multiple cystic structures in